New Study on Xylazine Law Enforcement Should Be Familiar With
As a member of the law enforcement community, it is crucial to stay informed about the latest drug threats affecting our nation. A recent study published by Rahul Gupta, David R. Holtgrave, and Michael A. Ashburn has raised concerns about the rapidly increasing use of xylazine, a drug often mixed with fentanyl. This article aims to summarize the key findings of the study for law enforcement professionals, outlining the dangers of xylazine and its impact on public health.
The Growing Problem of Xylazine
1. Xylazine's alarming rise
Xylazine is an α2-agonist that was initially studied for use in humans as an antihypertensive agent. However, its approval for human use was discontinued due to adverse effects. Currently, xylazine is approved for veterinary use as a sedative but is not meant for human consumption. Alarmingly, xylazine use, particularly when mixed with fentanyl, has seen a 1238% increase in drug-poisoning deaths in the United States from 2018 to 2021.
2. Xylazine's dangerous effects
Xylazine can cause dependence and severe withdrawal symptoms. Its intoxication symptoms include central nervous system depression, hypotension, and bradycardia. Naloxone, commonly used to reverse opioid-induced respiratory depression, is ineffective in reversing the effects of xylazine. This poses unique challenges when treating xylazine overdose, as additional supportive care may be necessary.
The Spread of Xylazine Use
1. Origins and expansion
Illicit xylazine use began in Puerto Rico around 2001 and has since spread throughout the United States. Currently, xylazine has been found in drug seizures in 48 states. This rapid expansion highlights the need for law enforcement to be aware of the dangers and prevalence of xylazine, especially when mixed with other opioids like fentanyl.